A list of 62 items was converted into a self report measure selfesteem scale ses. Adolescents completed the 10item rses during school as part of a larger study on parental influences and academic outcomes. Since its introduction, the rosenberg general selfesteem scale rgse, rosenberg, 1965 has been one of the most widely used measures of global selfesteem. Pdf the rosenberg selfesteem scale rses was adapted to the estonian language. In recent years literally hundreds of articles dealing with the selfimage have appeared primarily in the professional literature. The rosenberg selfesteem scale, a widely used selfreportinstrument for evaluating individual selfesteem, was investigatedusing item response theory.
The rosenberg self esteem scale, a widely used self reportinstrument for evaluating individual self esteem, was investigatedusing item response theory. Participants were administered the social anxiety scale for childrenrevised sascr, social anxiety scale for adolescents sasa, and the rosenberg self esteem scale rses. The rosenberg selfesteem scale rses, developed by sociologist dr. Self esteem is typically assessed using self report inventories. The continued prominence of the rosenberg scale continues through 20. The rosenberg self esteem scale is a widely used self esteem measure with ten simple questions on a four point scale. Morris rosenberg the purpose of the 10 item rse scale is to measure selfesteem. Instruments the rosenberg selfesteem scale rses is made up. The importance of selfesteem in the prediction of other selfattitudes and behavior in conjunction with the ease of administration. Item 1 was removed from the scale prior to conducting irt analyses, due to redundancy with item 2. Multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Rosenberg self esteem scale socy l sociology department l. It consists of 10 statements related to overall feelings of selfworth or selfacceptance. The rosenberg selfesteem scale is perhaps the most widelyused selfesteem measure in social science research.
Self esteem scale this memo discusses the selfesteem scale. They concluded that the rosenberg self esteem scale rse. The department of sociology does not have the resources to answer individual queries about the scale and its use. Further support for multidimensionality within the rosenberg. This scale is a self report measure of self esteem.
The scale is a 10item likert scale with items answered on a four point scalefrom strongly agree to. Other efforts to measure selfesteem are usually compared to rosenbergs scale. Here is a list of 10 popular movies about self esteem. Originally, rosenberg 1965 considered self esteem a. The relation between selfesteem, parenting style and. Good selfcare causes of low selfesteem nobody is born with low selfesteem. It uses a scale of 030 where a score less than 15 may indicate a problematic low self esteem. The respondents were administered the rosenberg rosenberg, 1965 self esteem scale, the racial identity attitude scale parham and helms, 1981 and a demographic questionnaire. In the 1960s, rosenberg developed a 10 item scale to measure it rosenberg, 1965. However, since its development, the scale has been used with a variety of groups including adults, with. The next closest measure accounted for around 18% of citations, whereas none of the other measures accounted for more than 10%.
Psychologists, researchers, and individuals use selfesteem scales to determine how a person views him or herself. By all relevant psychometric properties the developed estonian version of the rosenberg selfesteem scale erses was identical to the original construct measuring a persons overall evaluation of his or her worthiness as a human being. Selfesteem is typically assessed using self report inventories. Rosenberg selfesteem scale irt item parameter estimates. The respondents were administered the rosenberg rosenberg, 1965 selfesteem scale, the racial identity attitude scale parham and helms, 1981 and a demographic questionnaire. It has been used for both men and women and both adolescents and adults. The rosenberg selfesteem scale rses, developed by the sociologist morris rosenberg, is a selfesteem measure widely used in socialscience research. Pdf factor structure of the rosenberg selfesteem scale. Signs of low and high selfesteem signs of low selfesteem lack of confidence. The development of a selfesteem scale for university students.
For questions 1, 3, 4, 7, and 10 score sa3, a2, d1, and sd0. If you are worried that your self esteem may reflect poor mental health please consult your doctor. Instruments the rosenberg self esteem scale rses is made up. The rosenberg selfesteem scale there are a number of different assessment tools you can use to help assess your selfesteem. The scale was developed based on the data of 5,024 adolescents from american schools rosenberg, 1965.
The rosenberg selfesteem scale is a 10item selfreport measure of global selfesteem. The importance of selfesteem in the prediction of other selfattitudes and behavior in conjunction with the ease of administration and scoring of. Rosenbergs self esteem scale has been translated into a lot of languages and is used in diverse populations. Factor analysis identified a singlecommon factor, contrary to some previous studies. Instructions for scoring sum up your scores for all ten items. Method effects and gender invariance of the rosenberg self. Instead, high selfesteem is partly the result of good school performance.
Items with an asterisk are reverse scored, that is, sa0, a1. For establishing the psychometric properties of ses was presented along with a demographic performa and translated version of rosenberg self esteem scale rosenberg, 1965 to 445 university students 226 male. The rosenberg selfesteem scale rses, developed by the sociologist morris rosenberg, is a. One of the most widely used instruments, the rosenberg selfesteem scale rses is a 10item selfesteem scale score that requires participants to indicate their level of agreement with a series of statements about themselves. Rosenberg s self esteem scale ses internal consistency cronbachs alpha range from. This is an free online version of the rosenberg self esteem scale. Selfesteem needs to come from within and not be dependent on external sources such as material possessions, your status, or approval from others. It is the result of filtering opinions, comments, looks, suggestions, and actions of those around us through a persons own feelings and self image. One such example is the translation and validation of the rosenberg self esteem scale in spanish. In recent years literally hundreds of articles dealing with the selfimage have appeared primarily in the professional literature on the whole, the major stimuli to selfimage research by psychologists appear to be the qmethodology of stephenson.
The rosenberg self esteem scale rosenberg, 1965 is 10item measure of global self worth that measures both positive and negative feelings about the self, using a 4point likert scale 0 strongly disagree, 3 strongly agree. Also, the instrument is a vital part of selfesteem measure in social science research and is mainly used adolescents. Social psychological scales, such as self esteem, play an important role in research on educational attainment. We conducted four studies to investigate a the goodness of fit of a bifactor model positing a general selfesteem factor gse. Validity this scale is the most widely used measure of self esteem for research purposes but it is not a diagnostic aid for any for any psychological issues of states. I feel that i have a number of good qualities sa a d sd. Rosenberg self esteem scale rosenberg, 1965 the scale is a ten item likert scale with items answered on a four point scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree.
The rosenberg self esteem scale is perhaps the most widelyused self esteem measure in social science research. The rosenberg selfesteem scale is the most utilized measure of global selfesteem. The 10 items are answered on a fourpoint scale ranging from strongly. Morris rosenberg, is a selfesteem measure widely used in social science research. Attempts to define self esteem have ranged from an emphasis on primitive libidinal. One of the most wellknown of these tools is the rosenberg selfesteem developed by dr morris rosenberg, professor of sociology at the university of maryland from 1975 until his death in 1992. Self report measures for love and compassion research. Res exists in several languages english, french, and norwegian. Selfesteem is typically assessed using selfreport inventories.
The rses is designed similar to socialsurvey questionnaires. Jan 01, 20 selfesteem has been an integral construct in the field of psychology for decades. Using the rosenberg selfesteem scale socy l sociology. The study consisted of the translation, adaption and analysis of the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of university. The items are answered on a fourpoint scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. This study evaluated the factor structure of the rosenberg selfesteem scale rses with a diverse sample of 1,248 european american, latino, armenian, and iranian adolescents. For establishing the psychometric properties of ses was presented along with a demographic performa and translated version of rosenberg selfesteem scale rosenberg, 1965 to 445 university students 226 male. High school youth 6item version also available for younger children language other than english available. The ses has also been administered as an interview. The rosenberg self esteem scale is a 10item self report measure of global self esteem. The uwbhs senior survey included seven questions which allowed for the construction of a rosenberg self esteem scale rosenberg 1965. There is an alternative scale in the survey library as well, namely the state self esteem scale. I am writing this library contribution based on secondary literature, i have not had access to the original 1965 book, and i notice.
Rosenberg selfesteem scale ses statistics solutions. In this book, i have used the term selfesteem without any qualifiers when referring to this variable. This is, for example, reflected in movies about it. It consists of 10 statements related to overall feelings of self worth or self acceptance.
A theory of self esteem 1063 is a central motive or organizing principle behind individual behavior, and self esteem appears to play an important role in the entire process. Rosenberg selfesteem scale rosenberg, 1965 york university. Its validity has been proven among many different sample groups of people. Social psychological scales, such as selfesteem, play an important role in research on educational attainment. Using the rosenberg selfesteem scale a full description of the original scale may be found in the appendix of rosenbergs society and the adolescent selfimage see below for full citation. The rosenberg selfesteem scale the rosenberg selfesteem scale assesses a persons global self worth by measuring their positive and negative feelings towards themselves. The original sample for which the scale was developed consisted of 5,024 high school juniors and seniors from 10 randomly selected schools in new york state. Rosenberg was a professor of sociology at the university of maryland from 1975 until his death in 1992.
The rosenberg selfesteem scale is a tool for assessing global selfesteem. Attempts to define selfesteem have ranged from an emphasis on primitive libidinal. Manny rosenburg, in his book society and the adolescents self image, developed the rosenburg selfesteem scale. The scale consists of 10 questions which are answered with strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree. This scale has been used extensively with samples of all ages, from adolescents to older adults. Norms and construct validity of the rosenberg selfesteem. You can use the results of the scale to your awareness and to reflect on your current feelings.
One of the most wellknown of these tools is the rosenberg self esteem developed by dr morris rosenberg, professor of sociology at the university of maryland from 1975 until his death in 1992. The rses is designed similar to the socialsurvey questionnaires. Morris rosenberg s 1965 selfesteem scale rses is perhaps the most widely used instrument for the assessment of trait selfesteem, defined as relatively stable feelings of overall selfworth. The fields most commonly used measure of global selfesteem is the 10item rosenbergs selfesteem rse scale rosenberg, 1965. Translation and validation in university students article pdf available in the spanish journal of psychology 102. The rosenberg self esteem scale there are a number of different assessment tools you can use to help assess your self esteem. The scale is a 10item likert scale with items answered on a four point scalefrom strongly agree to strongly disagree. An alternative measure, the coopersmith inventory uses a 50question. Evaluation of the factor structure of the rosenberg self. Psychologists and sociologists are common users for this instrument. Notes for consideration various translations are available, again, search literature and. Researchers will be able to search literature for established norms in areas of interest.
The scale is a 10item likert scale with items answered on a four point scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Two of the most wellknown selfesteem scales are the coopersmith selfesteem inventory, which is geared towards children and adults separately, and the rosenburg selfesteem scale, which is based on the coopersmith. Originally the measure was designed to measure the selfesteem of high school students. This 10item scale takes only a minute or so to fill in. Review article the structure of the rosenberg selfesteem scale a crosscultural metaanalysis timo gnambs,1 anna scharl,1 and ulrich schroeders2 1leibniz institute for educational trajectories, bamberg, germany 2psychological assessment, university of kassel, germany abstract. Rosenberg selfesteem scale rosenberg, 1965 the scale is a ten item likert scale with items answered on a four point scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Its construct validity, and specifically its factor structure, has almost from the beginning been under debate. Rosenberg s self esteem scale has been extensively used in all areas of psychology to assess global self esteem rosenberg, 1965, 1979. The purpose of this report was to replicate marsh et. Self esteem scale this memo discusses the self esteem scale. The rosenberg selfesteem scale rses was adapted to the estonian language.
We suspect that for many researchers, the rse is the standard measure of global selfesteem. Having selfesteem also means you dont have to put other people down to feel good about yourself. Rosenberg self esteem scale socy l sociology department. The rosenberg selfesteem test has been translated into more than 50 languages. One of the most widely used instruments, the rosenberg self esteem scale rses is a 10item self esteem scale score that requires participants to indicate their level of agreement with a series of statements about themselves. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about science. Subjects were assigned to the sample using an alphabetic list of all the university students. A theory of selfesteem 1063 is a central motive or organizing principle behind individual behavior, and self esteem appears to play an important role in the entire process.
The sample size resulting from the formula applied was 415. Many authors define the term selfesteem as the evaluative component of the selfthe degree to which one prizes, values, approves or likes oneself. Rosenberg, 1965 provides a measure of global selfesteem, which has been defined as an individuals general sense of personal worth rosenberg, 1979. A list of 62 items was converted into a self report measure self esteem scale ses. Rosenbergs selfesteem scale has been extensively used in all areas of psychology to assess global selfesteem rosenberg, 1965, 1979. We conducted an analysis similar to the one performed by blascovich and tomaka 1991 to estimate the prevalence of citations to different selfesteem measures. The rosenberg self esteem scale rosenberg, 1965 is 10item measure of global selfworth that measures both positive and negative feelings about the self, using a 4point likert scale 0 strongly disagree, 3 strongly agree.
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